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Ludwig Wittgenstein’s brief Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922) is one of the most important philosophical works of the twentieth century, yet it offers little orientation for the reader. The first-time reader is left wondering what it could be about, and the scholar is left with little guidance for interpretation.

 In Tractatus in Context, James C. Klagge presents the vital background necessary for appreciating Wittgenstein’s gnomic masterpiece. Tractatus in Context contains the early reactions to the Tractatus, including the initial reviews written in 1922-1924. And while we can’t talk with Wittgenstein, we can do the next best thing—hear what he had to say about the Tractatus. Klagge thus presents what Wittgenstein thought about germane issues leading up to his writing the book, in discussions and correspondence with others about his ideas, and what he had to say about the Tractatus after it was written—in letters, lectures and conversations. It offers, you might say, Wittgenstein’s own commentary on the book.

Introduction

1. Prefatory Material

 2. The Initial Project

 3. The World (1-2.063)

 4. Pictures and Representation (2.1-3.13)

 5. Language and Representation (3.14-3.328)

 6. Propositions (3.33-4.0412)

 7. Language and Applications (4.05-4.26)

 8. Logic (4.27-5.156)

 9. Operations and Logic (5.2-5.5352)

10. Non-standard Sentences and Logical Form (5.54-5.5571)

11. Subject (5.6-5.642)

12. Operations, Mathematics, and Logic (6-6.241)

13. Science (6.3-6.372)

14. The War

15. Value (6.373-7)

16. Wittgenstein Looks Back on the Tractatus

Appendix: Early Reactions to the Tractatus

James C. Klagge is Professor of Philosophy at Virginia Tech. He is author of "Wittgenstein's Artillery: Philosophy as Poetry" (2021), "Simply Wittgenstein" (2016), and "Wittgenstein in Exile (2011); co-editor, with Alfred Nordmann, of Philosophical Occasions: 1912-1951 (1993) and Public and Private Occasions (2003); and editor of Wittgenstein: Biography and Philosophy (2001).