In 1872, there were more than 300,000 slaves in Cuba and Puerto Rico. Though the Spanish government had passed a law for gradual abolition in 1870, slaveowners, particularly in Cuba, clung tenaciously to their slaves as unfree labor was at the core of the colonial economies. Moreover, the Spanish bourgeoisie was deeply implicated in colonial slavery as Spain was the last European power to abolish the slave trade and bonded labor in the Americas.

Nonetheless, people throughout the Spanish empire fought to abolish slavery, including the Antillean and Spanish liberals and republicans who founded the Spanish Abolitionist Society in 1865. This book is an extensive study of the origins of the Abolitionist Society and its role in the destruction of Cuban and Puerto Rican slavery and the reshaping of colonial politics.

Christopher Schmidt-Nowara builds his narrative around three pivotal moments. The first is the decade of the 1830s when Spanish revolutionaries consolidated a new imperial order that reconciled liberal institutions in the metropolis with slavery and nonrepresentative rule in the Antilles, provoking important criticisms of slavery, racial conflict, and Spanish rule from members of colonial society. The second focal point is the Liberal Union (1854-1868), during which dramatic transformations in both the Spanish and the imperial public spheres occurred, setting the stage for antislavery mobilization and new transatlantic political alliances. Finally, Schmidt-Nowara analyzes the Abolitionist Society's challenge to colonial slavery made in the aftermath of the Spanish and Cuban revolutions of 1868.

Based on research in Spain, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the United States, Empire and Antislavery carefully reconstructs how abolitionism arose as a critique of the particular structures of capitalism and colonialism in Spain and the Antilles. More generally, it tells a story central to the understanding of slavery, race, and empire in the Atlantic world.

Christopher Schmidt-Nowara received his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan and has taught at Stanford University and Fordham University. His articles have appeared in Cuban Studies and the Hispanic American Historical Review. He collaborated on the book Mas se perdio en Cuba, Espana, 1898 y la crisis de fin de siglo.