Picking up at the end of his earlier classic study, Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500 - which described the courageous efforts of the followers of Islam to preserve their secular, as well as sacred, culture in late medieval Spain - L. P. Harvey chronicles here the struggles of the Moriscos. These unwilling converts to Christianity lived clandestinely in the sixteenth century as Muslims, communicating in aljamiado - Spanish written in Arabic characters, more broadly, Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614 tells the story of an early modern nation struggling to deal with a determined faction of non-Christians at a time when the forces of the Counter-Reformation - themselves threatened by Ottoman political and military expansion - were endeavoring to impose absolute religious uniformity.